Nhoroondo pfupi yekuvandudza mota

Muna 1880, muvambi wekuAmerica Edison akagadzira hombe DC jenareta inonzi "The Colossus", iyo yakaratidzwa paParis Exposition muna 1881.

edison baba vedirect current
Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi kuri kuitikawo.Jenareta uye mota mabasa maviri akasiyana emuchina mumwechete.Kuishandisa sechigadzirwa chazvino chekuburitsa ijenareta, uye kuishandisa sechigadzirwa chemagetsi imota.

Iyi nheyo yakadzoserwa yemuchina wemagetsi yakaratidzwa netsaona muna 1873. Pachiratidziro cheindasitiri muVienna gore rino, mushandi akaita chikanganiso uye akabatanidza waya kune inomhanya Gram generator.Zvakaonekwa kuti rotor yejenereta yakashandura nzira uye yakabva yangoenda kune imwe nzira.Iyo nzira inotendeuka uye inova mota.Kubva ipapo, vanhu vakaona kuti iyo DC mota inogona kushandiswa sese jenareta uye inodzokororwa chiitiko chemota.Kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwi uku kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya magadzirirwo nekugadzirwa kwemota.

Nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi uye tekinoroji yekugovera magetsi, dhizaini nekugadzirwa kwemotor zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kukwana.Pakazosvika ma1890s, maDC motors akange aine ese makuru ezvimiro zvemazuva ano DC mota.Kunyangwe iyo mota yeDC yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye yakaburitsa zvakati wandei mabhenefiti ehupfumi mukushandisa, zvikanganiso zvayo zvinotadzisa kuenderera mberi kwayo.Ndiko kuti, haigone kugadzirisa kuendesa simba kure-kure, uye haigone kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandurwa kwemagetsi, saka AC mota dzakagadzira nekukurumidza.

Munguva iyi, maviri-phase motors uye matatu-phase motors akabuda imwe mushure meimwe.Muna 1885, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuItaly Galileo Ferraris akakurudzira musimboti wekutenderera magineti uye akagadzira maviri-chikamu asynchronous mota modhi.Muna 1886, Nikola Tesla, akatamira kuUnited States, akazvimiririra akagadzira maviri-chikamu asynchronous mota.Muna 1888, injiniya wemagetsi wekuRussia Dolivo Dobrovolsky akagadzira matatu-chikamu AC imwe squirrel cage asynchronous mota.Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwema AC motors, kunyanya budiriro yakabudirira yematatu-phase AC mota, yakagadzira mamiriro ekureba ekufambisa simba, uye panguva imwechete yakavandudza tekinoroji yemagetsi kusvika padanho idzva.

Tesla, baba vealternating current
Around 1880, British Ferranti yakavandudza alternator uye yakaronga pfungwa ye AC yakakwira-voltage transmission.Muna 1882, Gordon muEngland akagadzira alternator huru yezvikamu zviviri.Muna 1882, muFrench Gorand uye Chirungu John Gibbs vakawana patent ye "Lighting and Power Distribution Method", uye vakabudirira kugadzira transformer yekutanga ine zvakakosha.midziyo yakakosha zvikuru.Gare gare, Westinghouse yakavandudza kuvakwa kweGibbs transformer, ichiita shanduko ine maitiro emazuva ano.Muna 1891, Blow yakagadzira yakakwira-voltage-yakanyudzwa oiri transformer muSwitzerland, uye gare gare yakagadzira hofori yakakwira-voltage transformer.Kureba-kure-kure-voltage AC simba rekufambisa rakaita kufambira mberi kukuru nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kwevashanduri.

Mushure memakore anopfuura zana ebudiriro, dzidziso yemotor pachayo yave yakakura kwazvo.Nekudaro, nekuvandudzwa kweinjiniya yemagetsi, sainzi yekombuta uye tekinoroji yekudzora, kusimudzira kwemota kwapinda padanho idzva.Pakati pavo, kuvandudzwa kwe AC speed regulation motor ndiyo inonyanya kubata maziso, asi haisati yave yakakurumbira uye yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba nokuti inoonekwa nezvikamu zvedunhu uye inotenderera inoshandura mayuniti, uye maitiro ekutonga haana kunaka se iyo yeDC speed regulation.

Mushure memakore ekuma1970, mushure mekunge magetsi ekushandura emagetsi akaunzwa, matambudziko ekudzikisa michina, kuderedza saizi, kuderedza mutengo, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, uye kubvisa ruzha zvakagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye AC yekumhanyisa mutemo yakawana kusvetuka kumberi.Mushure mekugadzirwa kwevector control, iyo static uye ine simba mashandiro eiyo AC yekumhanyisa control system yakagadziridzwa.Mushure mekutora microcomputer control, iyo vector control algorithm inoonekwa nesoftware kuti imise dhizaini yehardware, nekudaro ichidzikisa mutengo nekuvandudza kuvimbika, uye zvakare zvinogoneka kuenderera mberi nekuona zvakanyanya kuoma kudzora tekinoroji.Iko kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwemagetsi emagetsi uye microcomputer control tekinoroji ndiyo simba rekutyaira rekuenderera mberi kweiyo AC yekumhanyisa control system.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidza kukura kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi zvemagineti zvisingaperi uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi tekinoroji, zvisingaperi magineti mota dzakafambira mberi zvikuru.Motors uye majenareta anoshandisa NdFeB zvechigarire magineti zvinhu zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya, kubva pakufambiswa kwechikepe kusvika kune ekugadzira moyo mapombi eropa.Superconducting motors dzatoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi uye kufambiswa kwezvitima zvemaglev zvinomhanya zvakanyanya uye ngarava.

Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwezvakagadzirwa uye kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, mota dziri kugadzirwa nemakumi ezviuru zvemhando uye zvirevo, mazinga emagetsi ehukuru hwakasiyana (kubva pamamiriyoni mashoma watt kune anopfuura 1000MW), uye kumhanya kwakakura kwazvo.Range (kubva pamazuva akati wandei kusvika kumazana ezviuru zvekuchinja paminiti), inochinjika kwazvo nharaunda kuchinjika (senge ivhu rakati sandara, danda, mhepo, pasi pemvura, oiri, nzvimbo inotonhora, nzvimbo inotonhora, inonaya mvura, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzakaoma, mukati, kunze, Mota. , ngarava, midhiya yakasiyana-siyana, nezvimwewo), kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi hwenyika uye hupenyu hwevanhu.